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Experts say that's a sign of some stability returning to the financial system, but the crisis is far from over.

The Associated Press June 10, 2009

WASHINGTON — Ten of the nation's largest banks were given the green light Tuesday to repay $68 billion in government bailout money, freeing them from restrictions on executive compensation that they say are making it hard to keep their top-performing executives.

The Treasury Department is allowing the banks to repay the money they received from the Troubled Asset Relief Program created by Congress in October at the height of the financial crisis.

Experts say allowing 10 banks to return $68 billion in bailout money shows that some stability has returned to the system, but they caution that the crisis isn't over. And some fear the repayments could widen the gap between healthy and weak banks.

All eight banks that took TARP money and last month passed government "stress tests" confirmed they received permission to repay the bailout funds. They are: JPMorgan Chase & Co., American Express Co., Goldman Sachs Group Inc., U.S. Bancorp, Capital One Financial Corp., Bank of New York Mellon Corp., State Street Corp. and BB&T Corp.

Morgan Stanley did not pass the government test, but on Tuesday said it had raised enough capital quickly and was approved to repay its TARP money.

Northern Trust Corp. was not among the 19 banks subjected to stress tests, but the company said it also had received permission to repay the bailout funds.

Speaking at the White House, President Obama welcomed the news but said "this is not a sign that our troubles are over – far from it."

Some analysts questioned whether the repayment of TARP money obscures dangers in the broader banking industry. Smaller banks are still saddled with billions of dollars in risky commercial real estate loans. And large banks continue to hold the toxic mortgage-backed assets at the heart of the financial crisis.

More than 600 banks have received nearly $200 billion in TARP money, and 22 smaller banks already have repaid their funds.

The 10 banks are set to return money from a $200 billion program the government created as part of the $700 billion financial rescue package. The money initially was used to buy preferred shares in the banks, which are investments that pay regular dividends.

Officials insisted the money was an investment in the companies. The government would receive dividends and warrants, which allow it to buy shares of the banks at a set price over the next 10 years.

Critics have fretted that taxpayers may never see much of the money. But Tuesday's news makes clear that at least for this program, repayments could yield some profits for taxpayers.

Obama said he's happy that people are beginning to see "an initial return on a few of these investments."

Money from the $700 billion fund used for other programs will be harder to recover. And some of it, such as the $70 billion used to wind down failed insurance giant American International Group Inc., ended up in the pockets of relatively healthy banks, including Goldman Sachs. That means taxpayers are unlikely to recoup the entire $700 billion, even with profits from the banks.

Bank analyst Bert Ely called the repayments a positive sign for the banking sector, but not a reason to celebrate. He noted that three of the nation's biggest banks – Citigroup Inc., Wells Fargo & Co. and Bank of America Corp. – are still tied to the bailout.

Even the banks permitted to repay the bailout funds are still dependent on government support, including debt guarantees from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. and credit lines from the Federal Reserve.

American Express and U.S. Bancorp said the repayments would reduce earnings for the quarter.

Other observers worried the repayments are a better deal for the banks than they are for the taxpayer.

"We all know why the senior executives want to repay this money: It's a burden to manage the TARP politics," said Mark Williams, a finance...